Java知识总结

Nacos服务注册和配置中心

Mr.LR2022年7月2日
大约 6 分钟

Nacos服务注册和配置中心

官网资料：

nacos简介

是什么

一个更易于构建云原生应用的动态服务发现、配置管理和服务管理平台。

应用场景

替代Eureka做服务注册中心

替代Config做服务配置中心

Nacos = Eureka+Config +Bus

Nacos作为服务注册中心演示

安装并运行Nacos

官网下载linux版本压缩包

解压

tar -zxvf nacos-server-2.1.0.tar.gz /tudou/nacos-1

进入/nacos/bin/目录，以单机模式启动

sh startup.sh -m standalone

访问页面

默认用户密码都是nacos

image-20220706103133172

基于Nacos的服务提供者

新建cloudalibaba-provider-payment9001

pom

父pom

    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.0.RELEASE</version>
        <type>pom</type>
        <scope>import</scope>
    </dependency>

子pom

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>tudou_cloud</artifactId>
        <groupId>org.example</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>cloudalibaba-provider-payment9001</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <!--SpringCloud ailibaba nacos -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- SpringBoot整合Web组件 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--日常通用jar包配置-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

yml

server:
  port: 9001

spring:
  application:
    name: nacos-payment-provider
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: 192.168.154.128:8848 #配置Nacos地址

management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: '*'

主启动

/**
 * @Author LR
 * @Date 2022/7/3 21:20
 */
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class PaymentMain9001 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(PaymentMain9001.class, args);
    }
}

业务类

/**
 * @Author LR
 * @Date 2022/7/3 21:21
 */
@RestController
public class PaymentController {
    @Value("${server.port}")
    private String serverPort;

    @GetMapping(value = "/payment/nacos/{id}")
    public String getPayment(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        return "nacos registry, serverPort: " + serverPort + "\t id" + id;
    }
}

测试

image-20220706163453525

访问：http://localhost:9001/payment/nacos/1open in new window

image-20220706163526082

基于Nacos的服务消费者

为演示负载均衡的效果，先copy一份9001改为9002

image-20220706164113589

新建cloudalibaba-consumer-nacos-order83

pom

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>tudou_cloud</artifactId>
        <groupId>org.example</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>cloudalibaba-consumer-nacos-order83</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <!--SpringCloud ailibaba nacos -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 引入自己定义的api通用包，可以使用Payment支付Entity -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.example</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- SpringBoot整合Web组件 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--日常通用jar包配置-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

yml

server:
  port: 83


spring:
  application:
    name: nacos-order-consumer
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: 192.168.154.128:8848

#消费者将要去访问的微服务名称(注册成功进nacos的微服务提供者)
service-url:
  nacos-user-service: http://nacos-payment-provider

主启动

/**
 * @Author LR
 * @Date 2022/7/3 21:31
 */
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderNacosMain83 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(OrderNacosMain83.class, args);
    }
}

业务类

config

/**
 * @Author LR
 * @Date 2022/7/3 21:32
 */
@Configuration
public class ApplicationContextBean {
    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

controller

/**
 * @Author LR
 * @Date 2022/7/3 21:33
 */
@RestController
public class OrderNacosController {
    @Resource
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @Value("${service-url.nacos-user-service}")
    private String serverURL;

    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/nacos/{id}")
    public String paymentInfo(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {
        return restTemplate.getForObject(serverURL + "/payment/nacos/" + id, String.class);
    }
}

测试

访问：http://localhost:83/consumer/payment/nacos/1open in new window

重复访问，发现9001/9002轮询则代表成功

Nacos作为服务配置中心演示

Nacos作为配置中心-基础配置

新建cloudalibaba-config-nacos-client3377

pom

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>tudou_cloud</artifactId>
        <groupId>org.example</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>cloudalibaba-config-nacos-client3377</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <!--nacos-config-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--nacos-discovery-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--web + actuator-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--一般基础配置-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

yml

bootstrap

# nacos配置
server:
  port: 3377

spring:
  application:
    name: nacos-config-client
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
#        server-addr: localhost:8848 #Nacos服务注册中心地址
      server-addr: 192.168.154.128:8848 #Nacos服务注册中心地址
      config:
#        server-addr: localhost:8848 #Nacos作为配置中心地址
        server-addr: 192.168.154.128:8848 #Nacos作为配置中心地址
        file-extension: yaml #指定yaml格式的配置


  # ${spring.application.name}-${spring.profile.active}.${spring.cloud.nacos.config.file-extension}

application

spring:
  profiles:
    active: dev # 表示开发环境

主启动

/**
 * @Author LR
 * @Date 2022/7/4 21:07
 */
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class NacosConfigClientMain3377 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(NacosConfigClientMain3377.class, args);
    }
}

业务类

/**
 * @Author LR
 * @Date 2022/7/4 21:07
 */
@RestController
@RefreshScope //在控制器类加入@RefreshScope注解使当前类下的配置支持Nacos的动态刷新功能。
public class ConfigClientController {
    @Value("${config.info}")
    private String configInfo;

    @GetMapping("/config/info")
    public String getConfigInfo() {
        return configInfo;
    }
}

配置nacos

image-20220706165429231

image-20220706170413783

测试

访问：http://localhost:3377/config/infoopen in new window

在nacos修改配置内容，再访问时可自动刷新

Nacos持久化配置

Nacos默认自带的是嵌入式数据库derby。

在0.7版本之前，在单机模式时nacos使用嵌入式数据库实现数据的存储，不方便观察数据存储的基本情况。0.7版本增加了支持mysql数据源能力，具体的操作步骤：

  • 1.安装数据库，版本要求：5.6.5+
  • 2.初始化mysql数据库，数据库初始化文件：nacos-mysql.sql
  • 3.修改conf/application.properties文件，增加支持mysql数据源配置（目前只支持mysql），添加mysql数据源的url、用户名和密码。

执行数据库脚本

脚本路径：nacos/conf/nacos-mysql.sql

修改配置文件conf/application.properties

### If use MySQL as datasource:
spring.datasource.platform=mysql
### Count of DB:
 db.num=1

### Connect URL of DB:
db.url.0=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/nacos?characterEncoding=utf8&connectTimeout=1000&socketTimeout=3000&autoReconnect=true&useUnicode=true&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC
db.user.0=root
db.password.0=root

重启nacos

原来的临时配置会删除

新增的配置可以在数据库查到

image-20220706171414900

image-20220706171442601

Nacos集群配置

官网集群部署架构图

image-20220706172358266

这里采用1个nginx+3个nacos+1个mysql演示集群部署模式。

即普通服务通过访问nginx实现负载均衡访问3台nacos

首先copy3个nacos

image-20220706173805532

分别修改配置文件的端口为3333/4444/5555

分别在nacos的解压目录nacos/的conf目录下，有配置文件cluster.conf，请每行配置成ip:port。（请配置3个或3个以上节点）

image-20220706174053253

注意这里的ip为服务器出入hostname -i出现的ip

配置nginx反向代理

image-20220706174818479

依次启动3个nacos和nginx

依次访问3个nacos

通过nginx访问

修改服务的yml，通过访问nginx访问nacos

server:
  port: 9002

spring:
  application:
    name: nacos-payment-provider
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
#        server-addr: 192.168.154.128:8848 #配置Nacos地址
        server-addr: 192.168.154.128:1111 #访问nginx

management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: '*'

最终成功注册到nacos中

image-20220706180439304

参考